In-house lawyers at the largest U.S. companies are earning significantly more than their peers at smaller organizations, with compensation gaps widening sharply by seniority, according to the 2025 Law Department Compensation Survey from the Association of Corporate Counsel (ACC) and Empsight International.

Based on responses from more than 1,600 in-house professionals, the survey found that chief legal officers (CLOs) at companies generating over $5 billion in revenue earn a median base salary 44% higher than CLOs at companies with less than $1 billion. The gap is even wider when factoring in bonuses and incentives, with total target compensation at large companies reaching 173% higher.

The disparity is evident across the legal hierarchy. Associate general counsel at large organizations earn 36% more in base salary and 75% more in total compensation than their small-company peers. Entry-level and mid-level attorneys see 27% higher salaries and 35% higher total compensation in large corporate environments.

“Organization size is a critical factor in determining compensation for in-house legal professionals,” the report notes. While every role benefits from being in a larger company, variable pay disproportionately boosts compensation at the senior executive level.

The findings underscore recruiting challenges for smaller companies. ACC Chief Legal Officer Susanna McDonald said that while smaller legal departments cannot match the compensation offered by large corporations, they can compete in other ways. “Flexible work arrangements, clear advancement opportunities and meaningful engagement often outweigh compensation alone in retention and recruitment,” McDonald said.

The survey also identified practice areas that consistently drive higher pay. Securities law topped the list, with antitrust, bankruptcy and creditor law, ERISA, and government relations close behind. These specialties are in high demand due to regulatory complexity and financial stakes, making them lucrative career paths. In securities law, for example, attorneys “consistently command some of the highest median total cash compensation,” the report observed.

Another key factor tied to pay is law school pedigree. Graduates of top 20 law schools earn up to 39% more in base salary and 36% more in total compensation at the entry level, with advantages that persist, though less sharply, later in careers.

The report also highlighted non-monetary challenges. Twenty-two percent of respondents reported high or severe stress, with CLOs and senior leaders most affected. Nearly two-thirds said workloads increased in the past year, and promotions were more common among hybrid workers than those fully remote, suggesting visibility remains a factor in career advancement.

McDonald stressed that while compensation matters, long-term retention requires more. “Legal departments should address stress and burnout not only through competitive pay but by investing in sustainable practices: reasonable workloads, flexible arrangements and leadership support.”